Nephrology and Kidney Diseases

Imaging Modalities in Kidney Disease Diagnosis

Imaging plays a central role in the evaluation and management of kidney disorders. Non-invasive techniques such as renal ultrasound are often the first step in assessing kidney size, structure, and the presence of hydronephrosis or cysts. Doppler ultrasound helps evaluate renal blood flow and can detect renovascular abnormalities. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide high-resolution details for complex cases, including masses, obstructions, or congenital anomalies. Nuclear medicine scans like DMSA and MAG3 are particularly useful for assessing renal scarring and differential renal function. Imaging also guides percutaneous procedures such as biopsies and drainage. The use of contrast agents in imaging requires caution in patients with reduced renal function due to the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Topics covered:

• Role of renal ultrasound and Doppler studies

• CT and MRI applications in nephrology

• Nuclear scans for renal perfusion and function