Nephrology and Kidney Diseases

Pediatric Nephrology and Congenital Disorders

Kidney diseases in children present unique challenges, often involving congenital anomalies or inherited conditions. Common pediatric renal disorders include vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valves, nephrotic syndrome, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent long-term damage and growth impairment. Management strategies often involve nutritional support, immunosuppressive therapies, and careful fluid-electrolyte balance. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation is considered, with protocols adapted for pediatric physiology. Advancements in genetic testing and fetal ultrasonography have improved the detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Collaborative care involving pediatric nephrologists, urologists, dietitians, and social workers plays a crucial role in achieving optimal outcomes.

Topics covered:

• Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)

• Pediatric dialysis and transplantation

• Genetic testing and counseling in pediatric nephrology